Abstract:文章从高阶理论的视角,利用208家制造业上市公司的面板数据对高管团队特征与企业慈善捐赠的关系进行了实证检验,结果发现高管团队特征对企业慈善捐赠有着重要的影响作用:高管团队平均年龄和平均薪酬分别与企业慈善捐赠水平显著正相关,而产量导向职能经验则与企业慈善捐赠水平显著负相关。这一研究拓展了高阶理论的应用范围,为战略理论与企业社会责任领域的交叉研究提供了一个新的研究思路。

Abstract:While business ethics has generated a great deal of research internationally over the last few decades, academic reviews of the business ethics literature remain limited. Moreover, there has been little attempt to date to analyze this literature specifically in the Greater China region, which has been experiencing rapid socioeconomic growth and dynamic evolution of business ethics in recent decades. This paper addresses this research gap by undertaking a comprehensive and critical appraisal of the business ethics literature on Greater China. In particular, it maps out the existing research findings, identifies limitations in methodology, and suggests future directions for business ethics research in this region. The findings indicate that the scholarly interests cover 24 research themes, including corporate social responsibility and social performance; ethical beliefs, judgment, values, decision-making, and culture; workplace ethics and behavior; marketing ethics and consumer behavior; and sustainability. This review reveals a growing imbalance between empirical and conceptual/theoretical studies on business ethics. In addition, the published works covered in this review heavily rely on survey method and convenience sampling, with a predominant focus on a single individual level of analysis. Importantly, this study identifies four directions for future research: contextualized theoretical development, addressing multilevel research, developing research design tailored to the Chinese context, and ensuring more diversified and rigorous data collection.

Abstract:本文从理论上探讨了冗余资源与企业社会责任之间的关系,并以福布斯慈善榜上榜房地产企业为例,验证冗余资源对企业慈善捐赠这一特殊的企业社会责任行为的影响作用,发现:冗余资源的水平和类型对企业社会责任有着重要的影响作用;财务冗余,特别是现金冗余与企业慈善捐赠之间可能存在正相关关系,而且其对企业的慈善捐赠行为的影响可能存在一定的滞后效应。

Abstract:Based on extensive reviews on resource dependency theory,organizational learning theory,and institutional theory,this study aims to identity the key dimensions and patterns of social alliance,explore the determinants of social alliance formation,and build a mediating mechanism linking initial conditions,governance processes and alliance effectiveness.The results have significant implications for both corporations and nonprofit organizations in selecting partners,organizing alliance structure and governance process,and thus ensuring the success of alliances.

Abstract:Innovation studies show that innovative firms are more likely to change existing routines and operation procedures and create new ones. Neo-institutionalism, however, suggests that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) suffering from strong legitimacy constraints tend to conform to isomorphic institutional pressure, especially when they expand into the international market. However, there has been little empirical research on why, how and with what outcomes SMEs from China, the world's largest emerging market, adopt the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000 certification as a legitimisation strategy. Using a survey sample of 561 Chinese SMEs, this study shows that innovative SMEs are more likely to get ISO 9000 certification, because they face more stringent institutional pressure as well as less internal obstruction. This propensity for ISO 9000 certification is strengthened when SMEs have an export business and need to deal with multiple institutional constraints. Additionally, we find that SMEs may maximise their performance benefit from the certification when they operate in multiple institutional contexts. This study is one of the first empirical studies from China explaining how innovativeness and multiple institutional constraints influence the likelihood and outcomes of SMEs' ISO 9000 adoption.

Abstract:© 2019 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. Despite a growing recognition of national contexts in predicting the dynamics of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the limited prior research has failed to disaggregate national institutions to specify the mechanisms between aspects of national institutional contexts and elements of CSR practices. In this paper we offer a framework for analyzing the nature and status of CSR, which is made up of eight elements: history, religions/ideologies, social norms, geography, political structures, the level of economic development, civil society institutions, and the country’s “safety net” provisions. We apply the framework to explain how and why China’s understanding of CSR differs from that in Western countries.

Abstract:With the advent of globalization, the track record of multinational companies (MNCs) has been vague in relation to their corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the emerging host markets. What seems lacking is a better understanding of what exactly is required of today's MNCs to simultaneously generate profits for shareholders, while satisfying the legitimate demands from multiple stakeholders in the countries where they operate. This paper explores whether and how MNC subsidiaries practice strategic CSR in the emerging market of China. Drawing on various streams of CSR literature, we develop a conceptual framework and then apply it to analyze the CSR strategies of eleven MNCs known to be active in relation to their CSR involvement in China. Our multiple case studies, involving interviews with MNC managers and archival research, reveal distinctive features of CSR orientation and the strategies of MNCs that rely on developing relationships with non-traditional stakeholders, co-inventing social solutions, and building local capacity and infrastructure in emerging markets, being sensitized to a mixture of motivations and reconciling social and economic value creation. The findings are analyzed and implications are drawn regarding how MNC subsidiaries position themselves in the context of CSR in emerging markets. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract:This study investigates the antecedents and mechanisms of consumers' adoption of a public bicycle-sharing scheme (PBSS) as a form of shared sustainable consumption. Drawing on marketing ethics and sustainability literature, it argues that cultural and consumption values drive or deter the adoption of PBSS through the mediating mechanism of ethical evaluation. This study tests its hypotheses using a sample of 755 consumers from one of the largest PBSS programs in China. The results confirm the significance of collectivism, man-nature orientation, materialism, and face-consciousness as key determinants of the adoption of PBSS. Interestingly, these values play mixed roles in influencing PBSS adoption. It also finds that such values and beliefs need to be effectively translated into ethical evaluations of PBSS adoption, and need to be addressed in the specific social context. Thus, ethical evaluation constitutes a cognitive strategy that allows consumers to justify and defend their adoption of sustainability practices. The results suggest that a desirable sustainability program needs to not only cater to the cultural and psychological motivations of consumers, but also reflect the social norms and social context in which the sustainability practices and consumers are embedded.

Abstract:Electric vehicles (EVs) have been regarded as one of the most prominent green technologies, touted to help reduce global energy consumption and carbon emissions. China advocates the development of EVs to address the increasing challenges of climate change, urban air pollution and energy security, but consumers' enthusiasm for adopting EVs remains low. In this paper, we present a concept model that hypothesizes Chinese cultural values as a key to understanding Chinese consumers' intention to adopt EVs. Based on a nationwide online survey in China, this study explores Chinese consumers' attitudes toward two types of EVs battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles by identifying the influence of the human nature relationship, long-term orientation, face consciousness, and risk attitude, as well as the mediating effect of deontological ethical evaluation in decision-making. The results suggest that public policy and social marketing efforts should pay more attention to the role of cultural values when promoting environmentally sustainable technologies, and importantly, that the promotion efforts should differ for different cultural elements and products with different levels of innovativeness.

Abstract:© 2017 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. Despite a growing recognition of national contexts in predicting the dynamics of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the limited prior research has failed to disaggregate national institutions to specify the mechanisms between aspects of national institutional contexts and elements of CSR practices. In this paper we offer a framework for analyzing the nature and status of CSR, which is made up of eight elements: history, religions/ideologies, social norms, geography, political structures, the level of economic development, civil society institutions, and the country's "safety net" provisions. We apply the framework to explain how and why China's understanding of CSR differs from that in Western countries.

Abstract:© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016. The full mail address of the first and second authors is: International Business School Suzhou, Xi’an Jiaotong- Liverpool University, No.111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China The authors of the above mentioned article would like to add the following paragraph: Acknowledgments The authors thank the reviewers for their helpful comments. This research was supported by Jiangsu Philosophy Social Science Funding Programme of Jiangsu Department of Education (Project No. 2015SJD618 and No. 2015SJD617) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71573213, 71202025, 71402093). Authors also thank Professor Russell Belk, Professor Florian Kohlbacher and the seminar participants at Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, for their helpful comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this article.

Abstract:Purpose Taking China as a research context, the purpose of this paper is to delineate how social and business tensions manifest in Chinese nascent social enterprises and to disentangle the strategies that they adopt to manage the business-social dual goals to achieve organizational viability. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative multiple-case study is used to collect and analyze data. Empirical data are drawn from in-depth semi-structured interviews with Chinese social entrepreneurs, ethnographic observation of social enterprises as well as secondary sources. Findings Depending on personal motivations and resource availability, social entrepreneurs' perceptions toward pursuit of dual goals range from integration to differentiation in the short term, despite consensus on the concurrent development in the long term. The leverage of resources, image management, continuous innovation and need-based services are viable approaches that Chinese social enterprises adopt to manage the dual goals in order to create both social and economic value. Research limitations/implications This paper reveals understanding of the concrete tensions experienced among Chinese nascent social enterprises in pursuing business and social goals and how they manage to integrate the synergistic aspects of social and business goals to achieve survival and growth. Based primarily on qualitative case study method, the research findings are context specific and may not be ideal for generalization. Practical implications The authors reveal strategies by which synergistic benefits between dual goals may be achieved. Innovation (e.g. in resource utilization, in service format and content) and differentiation (e.g. in organization positioning) would be beneficial in enhancing the competitiveness of social enterprises. To enhance organizations' credibility, quality of products and service should be monitored and organizational transparency needs to be enhanced. Social implications It is suggested that the government specifies legal forms and legitimates interests of social enterprises, formulates preferential policies to stimulate the development of social enterprises, and develops a set of qualification authentication system to regulate this emerging sector. Originality/value The study examines the manifestation of business and social tensions and presents dual-goal management strategies from a non-western perspective. As an original contribution to the field of social entrepreneurship, the study responds to calls for in-depth analysis of conflicting objectives and tension management in social enterprises.

Abstract:Research problem: The study attempts to study how an empowered Chinese public coped with and interpreted the environmental crisis of the ConocoPhillips oil spill and how ConocoPhillips reacted to the growing influence of social media. Research questions: In what ways did the Chinese public exercise its new power through social media in addressing the ConocoPhillips Oil Spill Incident? How did a multinational company like ConocoPhillips act during the crisis and react to the voices of the public through new media? Literature review: Social media has caused a power shift in China by allowing the ordinary Chinese public who used to be the silent majority to expose scandals and express their opinions about crises with greater freedom. At the same time, pressure is growing on corporations to exercise social responsibility, through responding to economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that society has. Stakeholder theory indicates that only by meeting the needs and expectations of the individuals and groups who can affect or are affected by the firm's objectives can a firm survive and succeed. In developing countries, corporate social responsibility is characterized by a lack of systematic and institutionalized approach, with stakeholders, such as the public and community, being neglected for a long time. Methodology: Researchers conducted a thematic analysis of 932 microblog and blog entries about the ConocoPhillips Oil Spill Incident in China that were published on leading Chinese social media websites between June 2011 to February 2013. Results and discussion: The study found that the oil spill sparked an uproar of anger and criticism in the Chinese online community. Most posts on microblogs and blogs engaged in finding the causes and laying the blame for the oil spill. The overwhelming majority of the Chinese public attributed the crisis to the faulty laws and inaction on the part of the Chinese government regulators, to ConocoPhillips, and the Chinese joint venture partner China National Offshore Oil Corporation's failure to undertake due responsibilities. In response to mounting online criticisms, ConocoPhillips exhibited little interest in engaging with the Chinese public and showed poor communication in terms of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The study's theoretical contribution lies in combining CSR and Stakeholder theory with Discourse Power theory. Practical implications to multinational corporations seeking long-term business development in the developing country contexts, such as China, are that managers need to engage in responsive listening, actively participate in online conversations, and constantly scan the social media environment to manage its relations with the general public. Particularly, firms experiencing crises can gain the public's emotional support by communicating emotion-laden messages through social media.

Abstract:In this paper, we advance an analytic framework to help better trace the meaning and practice of CSR in developing countries, which draws from an institutional logics approach combined with the Scandinavian institutionalist perspective on the circulation of ideas. We suggest a two-step analytic framework where (1) circulated generalized assumptive logics relevant to mainstream CSR understanding are translated for applicability to developing countries generally and (2) through further circulation these translated logics are adapted toward a more context-specific relevant and meaningful application of CSR. Translation and adaptation form the basis of ongoing "editing processes" which we use to help tease out the multiplicity of institutional logics captured in the CSR literature pertaining to four specific countries of interest: China, India, Nigeria and Lebanon. The nuanced analysis presented helps provide relevant implications in relation to supranational, as well as culturally embedded and nuanced institutional logics shaping CSR in developing countries. It also highlights the existence of a hybridity of entangled institutional logics shaping not only CSR expressions in the four focal developing countries, but also ensuing patterns of development. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Abstract:This study examines the relationship between Chinese firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) and their earnings management (EM) practices. As China rapidly emerges as one of the largest exporters as well as importers, an understanding of Chinese CSR practices is increasingly important not only to Chinese authorities and firms, but also to international stakeholders. However, Chinese CSR has been largely underestimated in previous studies, and this CSR-EM relationship has never been sufficiently examined with regard to Chinese firms. In addition, this study measures the level of EM using two different methods: accrual-based EM (AEM) and real activity-based EM (REM). In general, REM is regarded as more costly but less detectable, while AEM is regarded as less costly but more detectable, owing to the fact that AEM is subject to greater scrutiny from auditors and regulators. The results show that Chinese firms' enhanced CSR generally decreases their EM practices. On the contrary, state-controlled firms and firms operating in more institutionally developed regions are more likely to engage in REM, while increasing their CSR activities. These findings provide new evidence that managers in Chinese firms tend to opportunistically adopt CSR practices according to the firm's institutional environment.

Abstract:We investigate the influence of managerial perceived importance of ethics and social responsibility (PRESOR) on the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices, using a survey study of business leaders in China. Specifically, we examine the different dimensions of PRESOR (stakeholder view, compatibility view, and stockholder view) in relation to CSR, and how explicit and implicit institutional-field logics moderate these relationships. We show that the personal values of managers, in combination with the situational dynamics affecting an organization, have a significant and complementary impact on CSR implementation in China.

Abstract:This study develops an internal-external institutional framework that explains why firms act in socially responsible ways in the emerging country context of China. Utilizing a mixed method of in-depth interviews and a survey study of 225 Chinese firms, the author found that internal institutional factors, including ethical corporate culture and top management commitment, and external institutional factors, including globalization pressure, political embeddedness, and normative social pressure, will affect the likelihood of firms to act in socially responsible ways. In particular, implicit ethical corporate culture plays a key role in predicting different aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR), while external institutional mechanisms mainly predict market-oriented CSR initiatives. This study contributes to the research on CSR antecedents by showing that in the emerging economy of China, CSR toward nonmarket stakeholders is more closely intertwined with corporate tradition and values, while legitimacy-seeking CSR activities are still limitedly rewarded.

Abstract:Despite the prevalence of global diffusion, little is known about the processes by which international practices are adopted and adapted within organizations around the world. Through our qualitative research on the introduction of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting at two leading Chinese companies, we identify a unique set of political mechanisms that we label state- mediatedglobalizationw, hereby powerful nation- state actors influence the ways in which corporations adopt and adapt global norms and practices. We find that businesses' needs for political legitimacy from a key stakeholder, in this case the government, leads them to deviate systematically from the global practice in both/ arm and content. These intentional practice adaptations are then legitimized by the government to create internationalization tools and localized standards to aid adoption by other organizations. Our findings illustrate previously unidentified mechanisms by which powerful stakeholders such as the Chinese government may mediate, and thereby direct, the ways in which corporations adopt and adapt global CSR practices. Contributions to understanding the political processes of institutional translation in the context of globalization are discussed.