XJTLU Research Repository

1.Campus developments China Versus Middle East

Author：Loehlein, G

Source：INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: ARCHITECTURE ACROSS BOUNDARIES,2019,Vol.

Abstract:Campus developments are great social cultural and economic indicator for how a country views education on the one side and on the other what value architecture has in this. The paper is assessing the key stakeholder. The impact education has on the community and economy. Architectural designers are driven by their own design as well as economic ambition. The architectural choice of campus designs in the UAE is driven by internationalization drive. China seems to be more driven by internal flexibility and drive to have a symbolic architectural expression of the campus.

2.SPECULATIVE URBAN TYPES A Cellular Automata Evolutionary Approach

Author：Dounas, T;Spaeth, B;Wu, H;Zhang, CK

Source：PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH IN ASIA (CAADRIA 2017): PROTOCOLS, FLOWS AND GLITCHES,2017,Vol.

Abstract:The accelerated rate of urbanization in China is the motivator behind this paper. As a response to the observed monotonous housing developments in Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP) and elsewhere our method exploits Cellular Automata (CA) combined with fitness evaluation algorithms to explore speculatively the potential of building regulations for increased density and diversity through an automated design algorithm. The well-known Game of Life CA is extended from its original 2-dimensional functionality into the realm of three dimensions and enriched with the possibility of resizing the involved cells according to their function. Moreover our method integrates the "social condenser" as a means of diversifying functional distribution within the Cellular Automata as well as solar radiation as requested by the existing building regulation. The method achieves a densification of the development from 31%% to 39%% ratio of footprint to occupied volume whilst obeying the solar radiation rule and offering a more diverse functional occupation. This proof of concept demonstrates a solid approach to the automated design of housing developments at an urban scale with a, yet limited, evaluation procedure including solar radiation which can be extended to other performance criteria in future work.

3.An Eco-poetic Approach to Architecture Across Boundaries

Author：Westermann, C

Source：INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: ARCHITECTURE ACROSS BOUNDARIES,2019,Vol.

Abstract:As highlighted by the post-Cartesian discourse across philosophical schools, Western thought had been struggling for a long time with conceiving interconnectedness. The problematic of Western dualism is most apparent with the so-called mind-body problem, but the issue does not only relate to the separation of body and mind but also the separation of living beings from their environments. Asian philosophy, on the other hand, has had a long history of thinking relations. The paper argues that an architectural philosophy that is open for a dialogue with Asian views would allow for a new approach to conceptualising the interconnectedness of minds, bodies, environments, and cultures. Linking Asian and Western aesthetics with a discourse on ecology, and setting it into dialogue with contemporary theories of architecture, the paper also refers to recent research on embodiment that is engaging from a new point of view with the natural sciences, and that appears to confirm positions of traditional Chinese philosophy. Reconsidering traditional Chinese art and aesthetics, the paper suggests, could initiate a new eco-poetic way of thinking the built environment and its design in favour of a future that is more than smart.

4.Introduction of Decentralized Ventilation systems in buildings

Author：Kim, MK

Source：SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES,2016,Vol.

Abstract:In this study, the decentralized ventilation performance of a small air ventilator to replace natural ventilation for use in urban areas is analyzed and compared to conventional centralized ventilation systems in Central European climates. This unit is equipped with a fan, air filter and air damper, as well as a heat exchanger, which is to be operated when the supply air also needs to provide heating or cooling. Compared with a conventional centralized economizer, this system has shorter air transport distances and therefore entails lower pressure losses. In a decentralized system, fan speed and airflow rate are adjusted simply and effectively depending on indoor thermal conditions.

5.Complexity and Simplicity Tensions in teaching computation to large numbers of architecture students

Author：Spaeth, AB;Dounas, T;Kieferle, J

Source：ECAADE 2016: COMPLEXITY & SIMPLICITY, VOL 1,2016,Vol.

Abstract:This paper describes the challenges and approaches to introduce computational thinking to a large and diverse group of architecture students during an international workshop with 300 students from different cultural backgrounds and educational levels, also integrating a diverse group of tutors whose computational expertise varied extremely. The approach suggested articulating a design task which enforced computational thinking but enabled different levels of engagement with the computer as a tool. Hypothetically this would allow all participants to engage with the computational thinking agenda regardless their computational affinity even whilst applying analogue methods. Besides the intercultural experience the workshop was successful in exposing a large group of students and tutors to the concepts of computational design whilst accommodating different learning preferences and engagement with the computer as a device.

6.Sustainable Architecture for Future High Density Cities: An Applied Design Approach

Author：Bissoonauth, C;Herr, CM;Fischer, T

Source：INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: ARCHITECTURE ACROSS BOUNDARIES,2019,Vol.

Abstract:This paper presents a series of speculative, research-driven architectural design proposals addressing sustainability in the high-density urban contexts of Shanghai and Hong Kong. The projects each address specific urban problems arising from the site contexts while also developing and utilising innovative ideas generated from architectural and technological considerations. Design results include speculative mid-rise buildings that employ innovative sustainable design approaches ranging from the social to the material dimension. While findings confirm the general notion that an integrated architectural approach must address social, ecological and economic issues to ensure sustainability and viability, this paper further informs researchers as well as practitioners in the creative disciplines with regards to the short- and long-term priorities we have established amongst these issues through the discussed investigation.

7.ROBOTIC SIMULATION OF TEXTILE AS CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT AND FORMWORK

Author：Lu, X;Dounas, T;Spaeth, B;Bissoonauth, C;Galobardes, I

Source：PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH IN ASIA (CAADRIA 2017): PROTOCOLS, FLOWS AND GLITCHES,2017,Vol.

Abstract:New possibilities of concrete constructions in architecture, the traditional formwork can be gradually replaced by the use of flexible textile. At the same time textile reinforcement combined with fabric formwork, introduces an innovative integrated solution in the fabrication of concrete. Based on a simple understanding of the textile weaving and knitting techniques, this project concentrates on the architectural production and the structural optimization of the textile as both concrete reinforcement and formwork. Furthermore, we present a robotic simulation of the process that develops using a series of computational experiments to research the sequence of weaving and/or knitting. Through the computational process and the design simulations, the research is firmly rooted in analog and digital exploration of material and its implementation in architecture, with particular emphasis on the convergence of robotics and computation. Note that the paper deals mainly with the software and weaving simulation as part of a larger research project, without dealing with the production of physical artefacts.

8.ADAPTING CELLULAR AUTOMATA AS ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TOOLS

Author：Herr, CM;Ford, RC

Source：PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH IN ASIA (CAADRIA 2015): EMERGING EXPERIENCES IN THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF DIGITAL ARCHITECTURE,2015,Vol.

Abstract:In this paper we examine the adaptations cellular automata (CA) are typically subjected to when they are applied to architectural designing. We argue that, despite a number of earlier studies that portrayed CA as generic generative design tools, the transition from generic CA to specific design tools is not yet well understood. To describe this transition, we first examine this aspect in a number of previous studies relating CA to architectural design. In a following detailed analysis of an applied design case study, we trace similarities between findings made in the literature review to findings made in the case study and extend them with additional observations. We conclude with a summary of challenges and opportunities met by architectural designers employing and developing CA for design purposes.

9.PARAMETRIC CUSTOMISATION OF A 3D CONCRETE PRINTED PAVILION

Author：Fischer, T;Herr, CM

Source：PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH IN ASIA (CAADRIA 2016): LIVING SYSTEMS AND MICRO-UTOPIAS: TOWARDS CONTINUOUS DESIGNING,2016,Vol.

Abstract:Advances in 3D printing technology have reached architectural scales with 3D concrete printing, a digitally controlled fabrication process in which fibre-reinforced concrete is deposited layer-by-layer to fabricate building elements. In this paper we present a brief overview of key concrete 3D printing related research development efforts, followed by a report on a research project into the parametric online customisation and fabrication of small 3D concrete printed pavilions. The research project is set in, and addresses possibilities and constraints of, the developing local Chinese construction context.

10.The Possibility of Teaching Chinese Students of Architecture to Write (A House)

Author：Berstrand, T

Source：INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: ARCHITECTURE ACROSS BOUNDARIES,2019,Vol.

Abstract:Writing, as the projection of a building, is integral to the discipline of architecture. In the specification, the architect describes the edifice from inside out so that it may materialise in accordance with the plan drawn up. There are other kinds of writing too, if not the writing of a house itself - a paper house built from words without even folding the surface of its flat ground. I propose to write this house by moving four times around my chosen site - an A4 sheet of white paper. Four times because tracing the contours of this field means turning a corner four times. Two times two, because when turning the paper itself, the writing splits across one side and the other. One times four, because writing a hole in the centre allows me to peep through this central void to charge the whole structure from within. And if, by then, the boundary of the site also splits, then a space will emerge between its double lines and I will have arrived in a new location - possibly a new kind of house. Can I write this house?

11.A NOTATION TO AID COLUMN AND BEAM LAYOUT DESIGN FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION IN CHINA

Author：Herr, CM;Fischer, T

Source：Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014): RETHINKING COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN: SPECULATIVE COUNTERCULTURE,2014,Vol.

Abstract:In this paper we report on the ongoing development of a toolkit to support the design of column and beam layouts for reinforced concrete structures in China. We present a visual, human-and machine-readable notation for architects and structural engineers to rapidly model column and beam layouts, as well as our underlying considerations. In conjunction with the toolkit, which consists of a CAD package, an editor, a parser, and an interpreter, the notation addresses aspects of local construction practice and supports design considerations including appearance, structural viability, constructability, and cost.

12.A Sense of Japanese Aesthetics: The Role of Materiality in the Work of SANAA

Author：Yang, J

Source：INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: ARCHITECTURE ACROSS BOUNDARIES,2019,Vol.

Abstract:While the globalization of the styles and ideas has smoothed geographical and cultural borders, the contemporary Japanese architecture has retained a very distinctive style. SANAA is an internationally significant and prize-winning firm of architects whose works seem to exemplify this kind of architecture. Some of the distinctive features of their work are simplicity, transparency and formal austerity, as well as a peculiar ambiguity in the expression of materiality. What role does the materiality play in creating something uniquely Japanese out of modern architecture? Through a case-study of Louvre-Lens Museum, the paper investigates the role that materiality plays in realising the Japanese aesthetics, focusing primarily on two key material features that have been identified in SANAA's work: transparency and whiteness. Some concepts of Japanese aesthetics are investigated in order to have a better understanding of the idea of ambiguity and weakness embedded in Japanese culture, including the concepts of mono no aware, superflat and philosophy of Rikyu Grey. By analysing the materiality and luminance conditions of interior space of the Louvre-Lens Museum and impact of the environment and time on exterior materiality, the paper suggests that materiality turns out to be a vital tool in the creation of a more tactile and ambiguous experience of vision, which transformed the focus of architecture from form to sensibility and perception. The Japanese aesthetic of simplicity, ambiguity and ephemerality is subtly applied through the seemingly neutral expression of materiality in SANAA's architecture.

13.UNIVERSAL DOVETAIL JOINT

Author：Dounas, T;Spaeth, AB

Source：PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH IN ASIA (CAADRIA 2014): RETHINKING COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN: SPECULATIVE COUNTERCULTURE,2014,Vol.

Abstract:The paper presents the geometrical investigation of a three-dimensional dovetail joint that can lead (timber) frame construction to more than two-dimensional frames; the creation of timber construction with timber members meeting at irregular angles can be shown to be feasible, simplifying overall construction. Traditional joints in timber construction usually work only in two dimensions, in other words in planar surfaces, resulting thus in complicated assemblies in three-dimensions. Stemming from traditional timber dovetail joints, the universal joint under investigation is produced under revolution of the geometry of a dovetail fastener through its middle axis. The resulting concave disk can connect timber elements under irregular angles, without the need for the structural members to lie in the same plane. The joint works due to friction between members rather than using any other element of bonding, allowing for the assembly of joints and structural members with no specialized tools. The paper explores the geometric constraints and degrees of freedom that such a disk creates in timber construction, and consequently in similar linear construction systems.

14.Driving architectural design with material innovation: A design research approach

Author：Herr, CM

Source：SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES,2016,Vol.

Abstract:This paper presents outcomes of a design research investigation into the architectural implications of innovative uses of concrete. The issue of sustainability is addressed in a variety of ways at the level of architectural design, in response to recent material innovations. The study presented employs design as a method of investigation to develop new visions for future living and working. Results include new types of architectural space developed through the use of translucent concrete, high-strength concrete, fabric-formed concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, printed concrete, insulated concrete forms and a variety of concrete surface treatments.

15.A Cross-disciplinary Approach to BIM-based Facade Design for Wind Performance

Author：Kwong, CY;Herr, CM;Kreaikas, T

Source：INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: ARCHITECTURE ACROSS BOUNDARIES,2019,Vol.

Abstract:This paper examines a cross-disciplinary approach to a high-rise facade design proposal for Hong Kong where the initial architectural design concept provides a negotiable boundary for an architectural engineering design process. A crucial aspect of this process is the consideration of high wind loads on the facade, as they frequently occur in Hong Kong due to regularly occurring typhoons. Design for wind performance is typically outside of the expertise of architectural designers and thus requires close collaboration between architects and structural engineers. Conventionally trained structural engineers may however not be accustomed to work with unusual building form or to consider architectural design ideas as part of engineering proposals. In the context of this paper, building information modeling (BIM) is used to facilitate cross-disciplinary dialogue as well as interdisciplinary workflows during the early design stages.

16.NON-TRIVIAL MEDIA FACADES

Author：Herr, CM

Source：PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH IN ASIA (CAADRIA 2012): BEYOND CODES AND PIXELS,2012,Vol.

Abstract:This paper presents a discussion of contemporary interactive media facades that complements the currently primarily technical framing of this field of research. Media facades, in the form of digitally orchestrated facade illumination, are discussed here as sites of potential encounter and interaction that form part of the public sphere. These aspects seem both underestimated as well as underused as media facades tend to be limited to pre-programmed and primarily ornamental trivial response patterns, or to serving as oversized displays. This paper discusses media facades from an architectural rather than a technological perspective and critically assesses the promises of interactivity as well as implications of such facades on urban public space.

17.INTERACTIVITY IN VIRTUAL REALITY Learning from 3d game design tools

Author：Dounas, T

Source：PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH IN ASIA (CAADRIA 2012): BEYOND CODES AND PIXELS,2012,Vol.

Abstract:The present paper tries to explore the potential of visual-heavy tools in the creation of virtual reality worlds, with an emphasis on tools borrowed from 3d electronic games. Compared to earlier approaches in virtual reality creation the paper focuses on game design tools and provides a basic framework for interaction in virtual reality, based on classic rather than digital representations, which is then expanded using digital representations. In the second part of the paper a game creation tool is assessed based on its potential not only of usability but also on guiding the designer in specific paths to designing virtual worlds. The assessment is based on a case study of interaction design.

18.DESIGN ENIGMA A typographical metaphor for enigmatic processes, including designing

Author：Fischer, T

Source：PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH IN ASIA (CAADRIA 2012): BEYOND CODES AND PIXELS,2012,Vol.

Abstract:Presenting a hard-to-predict typography-varying system predicated on Nazi-era cryptography, this paper illustrates conditions under which unrepeatable phenomena can arise, even from straight-forward mechanisms. Such conditions arise where systems are observed from outside of boundaries that arise through their observation, and where such systems refer to themselves in a circular fashion. This illustration aims to show the dilemma of scientific design research: Objective outsiders are mystified while those subjectively involved understand.

19.Evaluation of Learning and Teaching Practice for Design-oriented Engineering Modules

Author：Chen, M;Zhang, SQ;Tenbhomer, M;Tate, D

Source：PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2018 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH (ICHSSR 2018),2018,Vol.213

Abstract:Learning and teaching of engineering modules to design-oriented students is always a very challenging task for a transdisciplinary programme. In this paper, different evaluation models and approaches of teaching were discussed and extended. In particular, mechanics module "Statics and Solids" was taken as the application example to demonstrate the significance of evaluation. Students' evaluation questionnaire and colleagues' peer review are mainly analyzed for the further step of action. Reflections and positive changes were did based on the analysis of the former experience. Finally further reflection on modules connection and research-led learning and teaching were discussed.

20.Collaborative Public Space in China: Two Waterfront Projects, Shanghai and Suzhou

Author：Hoskyns, T

Source：INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: ARCHITECTURE ACROSS BOUNDARIES,2019,Vol.

Abstract:This paper discusses public space in China and explores how theories of public space can be applied to two waterfront projects. As case studies the paper compares two public waterfront projects: The 18 km Jinji Lake project in Suzhou and the 45km Huangpu River waterfront project in Shanghai, both completed in 2018. The Jinji lake development in the heart of Suzhou designed by EDAW later AECOM also boasts inclusive 2 4 / 7 access and people centered design. Democratic theory is commonly used in the West to discuss public space however Limin Hee argues that the discourse as understood in the western democratic tradition is not adequate for Asian cities (Hee, 2017). Constructing Singapore Public Space, Springer) This paper finds that although the idea of public space in China is argued to be an evolving concept (Gaubatz, 2008, pp 72-83), notions of democratic participation, Human Centered Design (HCD) and place-making methods are central development policy in Chinese cities. Whereas terms like vibrancy and vitality are commonly used by scholars to evaluate and discuss public space in China, rather than democratic theory, theories from western scholars such as Habermas's theory of the public sphere are also relevant and collaborative practices between civil society and the state are key to the participatory nature of Chinese public space.