Author：SONG Yong-hua;SUN Jing

Abstract:主要从欧盟统一电力市场的建设与实施、所面临的挑战、电能交易及对北欧电力市场的跟踪分析等方面进行总体阐述,解读了欧洲电力市场的许多特点和走向,并结合目前中国电力产业的市场化改革实际情况,指出中国电力改革与欧盟统一电力市场的异同点及其发展趋向,对中国电力市场化改革具有一定的借鉴意义。

Author：Chowdhury,S.;Day,P.;Taylor,G. A.;Chowdhury,S. P.;Markvart,T.;Song,Y. H.

Abstract:Different photovoltaic (PV) technologies are being developed, tested and employed as small-scale on-site distributed generators for directly catering to the customer loads at the distribution voltage level. In this connection, extensive off-line and laboratory based research is also being performed for studying and comparing the PV technologies as well as for assessing their effectiveness for on-site power generation. This paper describes the performance evaluation and capacity augmentation of a laboratory-scale PV Array installation at Brunei University, West London, UK, comprising a monocrystalline and a HIT PV array. The paper reports on the collection of on-line electrical and weather data through an IP-enabled data and utilisation of the data to evaluate the performance of the PV arrays under different solar irradiance conditions. It also describes the capacity augmentation process and testing and validating the improvement in array performance by comparing the power and energy outputs of the arrays before and after augmentation. © 2008 IEEE.

Author：Guan,Sheng Uei;Tan,Wen Pin;Liu,Fei

Abstract:Researchers have proposed intelligent product-brokering applications to help facilitate the m-commerce shopping process. However, most algorithms require explicit, user-provided feedback to learn about user preference. In practical applications, users may not be motivated to provide unrewarded and time-consuming feedback. By adopting a cognitive approach, this paper investigates the possibility of replacing user feedback with user behavioral data analysis during product browsing. By means of evolutionary algorithms, the system is able to derive corresponding models that simulate the user's shopping behavior. User group profiling is also implemented to help identify the user's shopping patterns. Upon simulations of trial cases with consistent and rational shopping patterns, our experimental results confirm this approach being promising. The system shows high accuracy in detecting the preferences of the user. The algorithms are also portable and effective across different products. © Imperial College Press.

Author：XU Jia-ning

Abstract:网络的应用及其影响日益广泛和深入。近年来,网络在英语作为第二语言教学中的各种优势也日益受到人们的关注。学习和借鉴国外英语教育者在网络英语教学领域的成功经验,并结合我国高职英语教学的实际情况,将会促进我们的网络英语教学,使之得到更快的进步和发展。

Author：Bai-ling Zhang;Yanchun Zhang

Abstract:Cerebral palsy (CP) is generally considered as a non-progressive neuro-developmental condition that occurs in early childhood and is associated with a motor impairment, usually affecting mobility and posture. Automatic accurate identification of cerebral palsy gait has many potential applications, for example, assistance in diagnosis, clinical decision-making and communication among the clinical professionals. In previous studies, support vector machine (SVM) and some other pattern classification methods like neural networks have been applied to classify CP gait patterns. The objective of this study is to first further investigate different classification paradigms in the CP gait analysis, particularly the Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis (KFD) which has been successfully applied to many pattern recognition problems and identified as a strong competitor of SVM. The component obtained by KFD maximally separates two classes in the feature space, thus overcoming the limitations of linear discriminant analysis of being unable to extract nonlinear features representing higher-order statistics. Using a publicly available CP gait dataset (68 normal healthy and 88 with spastic diplegia form of CP), a comprehensive performances comparison was presented with different features including the two basic temporal-spatial gait parameters (stride length and cadence). Various cross-validation testing show that the KFD offers better classification accuracies than the support vector machine and is superior to a number of other classification methods such as decision tree, multiple layer perceptron and k nearest neighbor.

Author：Zhang, N;Song, Y

Abstract:Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has certain advantages over those pure keyword-based. CBIR indexes images by visual features that are extracted from the images. This may save the effort spent on the manual annotation. However, because low-level visual features, such as colour and texture, often carry no high-level concepts, images retrieved purely based on content may not match with the intention of the user. The work presented in this paper is an image retrieval system that bases both on text annotations and visual contents. It indexes and retrieves images by both keywords and visual features, with the purpose that the keywords may mend the gap between the semantic meaning an image carries and its visual content. Tests were made on the system that have demonstrated that such a hybrid approach did improve retrieval precisions over those pure content-based.

Author：Liau, V.K. ; Fang, M.T.C. ; Yan, J.D.

Abstract:The anode boundary layer of an argon free burning arc is investigated using a two-temperature model, which includes convection and charge particle diffusion. The detailed structure of the boundary layer in terms of charge density, electron and ion temperature, and electrical potential distribution is given for two discharge currents, 100A and 200A. The energy flux received by the anode is also given.

Author：Ren, J;Orwell, J;Jones, GA;Xu, M

Abstract:In this paper, model-based approaches for real-time 3-D soccer ball tracking are proposed, using image sequences from multiple fixed cameras as input. The main challenges include filtering false alarms, tracking through missing observations, and estimating 3-D positions from single or multiple cameras. The key innovations are: 1) incorporating motion cues and temporal hysteresis thresholding in ball detection; 2) modeling each ball trajectory as curve segments in successive virtual vertical planes so that the 3-D position of the ball can be determined from a single camera view; and 4) introducing four motion phases (rolling, flying, in possession, and out of play) and employing phase-specific models to estimate ball trajectories which enables high-level semantics applied in low-level tracking. In addition, unreliable or missing ball observations are recovered using spatio-temporal constraints and temporal filtering. The system accuracy and robustness are evaluated by comparing the estimated ball positions and phases with manual ground-truth data of real soccer sequences.

Author：宋永华;解启健

Abstract:要实现建设创新型国家、从“人口大国向人力资源强国迈进”的战略目标，关键在于人才培养。高等教育在其中无疑扮演重要角色。把握高等教育及其核心要素“人才培养”的特点，建立合理的创新人才培养体系，是当务之急。

Author：Ding F.;He Z.;Zi Y.;Chen X.;Tan J.;Cao H.;Chen H.;Ding F.

Abstract:In information age, reliability of digital manufacturing equipment has a large impact on throughput, productivity and executing predictive maintenance. Accurate reliability forecasts can provide a good assessment of machine performance in order to execute predictive maintenance effectively. This paper investigates a methodology of applying support vector machines(SVMs) to predict reliability in computerized numerical control(CNC) machine tool of digital manufacturing system. SVM is capable to solve nonlinear regression and times series problems lie on conducting the structural risk minimization principle seeking to minimize an upper bound of the generalization error rather than minimize the training error. A real reliability data (for 42 suits) of CNC machine tool were employed as the data set. SVM can be trained to learn the relationship between past historical reliability indices and the corresponding targets, and then future reliability or failures can be predicted. The experimental results demonstrate that the SVM prediction model is a valid potential for predicting system reliability and failures. © 2008 IEEE.

Author：Pak, D

Abstract:Performance Management has evolved from a simple method to where either the employees performance if below standard or above and a decrease or an increment was warranted. This prehistoric method left little to the overall development of the appraisal. Now, performance management is a structured interaction between team leader and subordinate, an annual or bi annual process whereby one could argue a SWOT analysis of the employee past performance is undertaken. Many organizations, not all, link their performance appraisal to merits. In turn, performance is still merit based, but opportunity to identify weaknesses and further training and development are included. As any tool or technique, criticisms will always prevail, either through misunderstandings or the fear of change etc. From this two paradoxes arise; "Some have even suggested that the process is so inherently flawed that it may be impossible to perfect it" (Derren, 1990) and Performance Appraisals "the most crucial aspect of organizational life" (Lawrie, 1990). This suggests that organizations require an amicable yardstick to measure performance. The author implies that times has changed; organizations require employees to go beyond efficient and effective, but rather. to distinguish themselves. Organizations require a tool to enhance performance, 360 Degree provides that, but without with out proper planning a framework to initiate, develop and, implement, disaster is imminent. This paper attempts to provide the guidelines required to satisfy that need.

Author：Mohammad,Mubarak;Alagar,Vasu

Abstract:Existing architecture description languages mainly support the specification of the structural elements of the system under design with either only a limited support or no support to specify non-functional requirements. In a component-based development of trustworthy systems, the trustworthiness properties must be specified at the architectural level. Analysis techniques should be available to verify the trustworthiness properties early at design time. Towards this goal we present in this paper a meta-architecture and TADL, a new architecture description language suited for describing the architecture of trustworthy component-based systems. The TADL is a uniform language for specifying the structural, functional, and nonfunctional requirements of component-based systems. It also provides a uniform source for analyzing the different trustworthiness properties. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Author：Shi, YH;Eberhart, RC

Abstract:In the field of evolutionary computation, an important attribute of a population is diversity. This paper proposes a method for measuring the diversity of a particle swarm optimization population. It involves the measurement of position and velocity attributes of the particles that comprise the population. The proposed method is computationally straightforward and is adaptable to other evolutionary algorithms.

Author：Chowdhury, S;Chowdhury, SP;Taylor, GA;Song, YH

Abstract:Photovoltaic (PV) generation has now-a-days proved to be a cost-effective method for renewable power generation with minimum environmental impact. Due to environmental and economic benefits, PV is now being widely deployed as a distributed energy resources (DER) in distributed generation systems or microgrids. Extensive laboratory-based research and simulation studies are being performed for assessing its effectiveness as DER in microgrids. Simulation studies mostly involve development of mathematical models which can account for the variation of PV output with solar irradiance and ambient temperature as well as the simulation of MPPT feature that is built in the inverters usually interfaced with the PV arrays. Simulation studies of microgrids with interconnected DERs and elaborate control schemes often warrants the development of simple and robust mathematical models for PV arrays that would pose low mathematical burden on the system, have low data storage requirements and which can be represented by standard block sets of a modelling software. At the same time, the models should be able to simulate the weather dependent electrical behaviour of the PV modules. This paper reports on the development or a DC voltage source model of a polycrystalline PV Array in MATLAB Simulink and its performance analysis under various loading and weather conditions as well as the application of the model to develop a load shedding scheme for a stand-alone PV system.

Author：Zhang, Chang-Hua ; Cheng, Yu-Hua ; Chen, Yong ; Huang, Qi ; Song, Yong-Hua

Abstract:In this paper, a new mathematic model for calculating available transfer capability (ATC) of power system in power market is presented. This model considers the bidding of generators, bus locational marginal price (LMP) and system security constraints. The objective function is to maximize the total active power consumption for load in sink area. The constraint is the system operation in a security and economy way. A bi-level leader-follower decision-making measure is taken to solve the problem. Relative to the former ATC models which only consider system security constraints, this model is more in accord with the market reality and its solution can guide all parties in market to make decision more efficiently. The numerical simulation results in IEEE30 bus system demonstrate the validity of this model. © 2008 DRPT.